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屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
2015年10月6日
6 October 2015
2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦以及另外两位科学家。屠呦呦的研究发现了治疗疟疾的crucial新疗法——青蒿素。青蒿素拯救了数百万人的生命，改善了全球数百万人的健康状况。 据统计，全球每年约有2亿人感染疟疾，其中约60万人死亡。青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的vital药物， 仅在非洲，每年就可挽救约10万人的生命。
Tu Youyou, along with two other scientists, was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Her research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved millions of lives and has led to improved health for millions of people around the world. It is estimated that over 200 million people contract malaria each year, with approximately 600,000 deaths. Artemisinin has become a vital part of malaria treatment and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
屠呦呦是一位objective且坚韧的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。毕业后，进入中国中医研究院（现中国中医科学院）工作。1967年，中国政府组建了一支致力于发现疟疾新疗法的研究团队，屠呦呦是首批入选的研究人员之一。研究初期，屠呦呦前往疟疾高发地区海南，开展了大量的临床研究。1969年，她开始带领团队在北京进行研究，并决定从中国古代医药文献中寻找治疗疟疾的botanical疗法。 他们查阅了2000多本古代医药文献，evaluated了28万多种植物的药用properties，并从中发现了380多种具有抗疟疾潜力的distinct疗法，随后进行了大量的实验研究。
Tu Youyou is a committed and patient scientist, born in Ningbo, China, on December 30, 1930. She graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955, and subsequently joined the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government assembled a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, with Tu Youyou among the first researchers selected. Initially, Tu Youyou traveled to Hainan, where malaria was more prevalent, to conduct extensive clinical research. In 1969, she began leading the research team in Beijing and decided to investigate traditional Chinese medical texts in search of botanical treatments for malaria. Her team reviewed over 2,000 ancient medical texts, evaluated the medicinal properties of over 280,000 plants, and identified 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed potential in combating malaria, which were then extensively tested.
A fourth-century medical text suggested that fever could be treated with an extract of sweet wormwood. Tu’s team tested dried wormwood leaves, but observed no effect. They then attempted to treat malaria with the liquid extracted from boiling fresh wormwood, but this approach also proved unsuccessful, leaving the project at a standstill. Undeterred, Tu Youyou persevered and re-examined the medical texts. By chance, she came across a sentence that suggested an alternative method of processing the wormwood. She hypothesized that boiling the sweet wormwood might be destroying its medicinal properties. Employing a lower temperature to extract the active compound, she discovered a substance that was effective. The team finally achieved success in 1971 after more than 190 failed attempts. To ensure its safety, Tu Youyou and her team members went so far as to test the medicine on themselves. Subsequent trials on malaria patients proved largely successful, with most patients recovering. This medicine, artemisinin, quickly became a standard treatment for malaria.
一本四世纪的医药文献提示，可以用青蒿提取物治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了干青蒿叶，但没有发现效果。然后，他们尝试用煮沸的新鲜青蒿中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这种方法也以失败告终，项目陷入了停顿。屠呦呦不屈不挠，坚持不懈，重新研究了医药文献。偶然间，她发现了一句话，建议用另一种方法来处理青蒿。她推测，煮青蒿可能破坏了它的药用价值。她用较低的温度提取有效成分，发现了一种有效的物质。经过190多次失败的尝试，该团队终于在1971年取得了成功。为了确保药物的安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至在自己身上进行了试验。随后在疟疾患者身上进行的试验取得了很大成功，大多数患者都康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a collaborative effort. Upon receiving the Nobel Prize, she remarked, “The honour is not just mine. It belongs to the team behind me, and to the people of my country. This success is a testament to the immense value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is truly an honour for China’s scientific endeavours and traditional medicine to be shared with the world.”
屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是一个团队合作的成果。在得知自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。它属于我身后的团队，属于我的祖国人民。这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科学事业和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。”
THE MAN WHO REVOLUTIONIZED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
改变了我们对宇宙认识的人
Albert Einstein, widely regarded as the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often hailed as one of the most brilliant minds in history. His contributions to the world are numerous, the most renowned being the general theory of relativity and the iconic equation E=mc2. Einstein was not just a visionary genius; he was also a courageous and compassionate figure who was deeply admired.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，被广泛认为是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，通常被誉为历史上最杰出的人物之一。他对世界的贡献数不胜数，其中最著名的是广义相对论和标志性的方程式E=mc2。爱因斯坦不仅是一位富有远见的天才，还是一位勇敢而富有同情心的人物，受到人们的深深敬佩。
Born in Germany on March 14, 1879, this unassuming prodigy exhibited his brilliance early on. Attempting to enter a Swiss university at 16, he initially failed the entrance exam due to low general scores, despite acing math and physics. Undeterred, he persevered and a year later, successfully entered university, graduating in 1900.
这位文静的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德国。16岁时，他曾试图去瑞士上大学，尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于入学考试的综合部分分数较低，他未能如愿。经过又一年的学习，他通过了考试，1896年进入大学，并于1900年毕业。
After two years of seeking a teaching position, Einstein accepted a humble clerk position at the Swiss patent office. Fueled by an insatiable thirst for knowledge, he continued his studies, culminating in a doctorate in physics in 1905. This pivotal year, later dubbed a “miracle year” in science, saw him publish four groundbreaking physics papers. These works catapulted him to international fame, establishing him as the “new Newton.” Four years later, he left the patent office to pursue research full-time at a university. His monumental explanation of the photoelectric effect earned him the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.
在找了两年的教师工作后，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局找到了一份职员的工作。在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。同年，他发表了四篇杰出的物理学论文，这一年后来被誉为科学史上的奇迹之年。此后，他逐渐以新艾萨克·牛顿闻名于世。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做全职研究。1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。
The year 1933 brought about a dramatic shift with Hitler’s rise to power in Germany. As a Jew, Einstein faced the harsh reality of closed scholarly doors. Forced to flee his homeland, he sought refuge in Europe before ultimately accepting a research position at the prestigious Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. There, he continued to make significant contributions to physics and mathematics.
1933年，当在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲待了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员一职。此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得了巨大成就。
Though a genius known for his remarkable mind, Albert Einstein presented a more whimsical picture to the public. His unruly white hair, often sticking up as if he’d received a jolt of electricity, combined with a bushy moustache to create an endearingly eccentric appearance. Anecdotes abound of his forgetfulness, like missing a friend’s birthday, but these quirks only made him more beloved by those fortunate enough to know him. Tales circulated about his kindness – like the time he helped a young girl with her homework when she knocked on his door seeking assistance. In fact, Einstein was frequently stopped on the street by strangers requesting explanations for complex concepts. This happened so often that he reportedly began to quip, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein!”
On April 18th, 1955, news of Einstein’s passing swept the globe, plunging the world into mourning for the loss of such a luminous scientific mind.