英文介词用法详解
这篇文章将带您深入了解不同类别英文介词的用法及区别，并搭配例句帮助理解。
一、方位介词：in, to, on
in 表示在某个区域内部。
> 例句: Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. （上海位于中国东部。）
to 表示在某个区域外部，且两者不相邻。
>例句: Japan is/lies to the east of China. （日本位于中国东面。）
on 表示与某个区域接壤。
> 例句: Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. （蒙古国位于中国北边。）
二、计量介词：at, for, by
at 表示“以……速度/价格”。
> 例句:
> It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. （它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。）
> I sold my car at a high price. （我以高价出售了我的汽车。）
for 表示“用……交换”。
> 例句: He sold his car for 500 dollars. （他以五百元把车卖了。）
注意: at表示单价(price)，for表示总钱数。
by 表示“以……计”。
> 例句:
> They paid him by the month. （他们按月给他计酬。）
> Here eggs are sold by weight. （在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。）
三、材料介词：of, from, in
of 表示构成成品的材料显而易见。
> 例句: This box is made of paper. （这个盒子是纸做的。）
from 表示构成成品的材料经过加工后不易辨认。
> 例句: Wine is made from grapes. （葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。）
in 表示使用某种材料或语言。
> 例句:
> Please fill in the form in pencil first. （请先用铅笔填写这个表格。）
> They talk in English. （他们用英语交谈。）
四、工具或手段介词：by, with, on
by 表示使用某种交通方式。
> 例句: I went there by bus. （我坐公共汽车去那儿。）
with 表示使用某种工具。
> 例句: He broke the window with a stone. （他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。）
注意: with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。
on 通常用于固定搭配，表示通过某种方式。
> 例句:
> They talked on the telephone. （他们通过电话进行交谈。）
> She learns English on the radio/ on TV. （她通过收音机/电视学英语。）
五、关于介词：of, about, on
of 表示简单提及某人或某事。
> 例句: He spoke of the film the other day. （他前几天提到了这部影片。）
about 表示较为详细地谈论某人或某事。
> 例句: Can you tell me something about yourself? （你能告诉我关于你自己的事情吗？）
on 通常用于较为正式或学术性的场合。
> 例句: It’s a textbook on the history of China. （它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。）
六、原因或理由介词：for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
for 通常与表示情感的词语搭配使用，例如 sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame。
> 例句: I am sorry for what I said to you. （我后悔不该对你讲那些话。）
at 表示由于看到或听到某事而产生的情感变化。
> 例句: He was surprised at the news. （听到这消息他大吃一惊。）
from 表示外力因素导致的结果。
> 例句: He died from the wound. （他因受伤而致死。）
of 表示内在原因导致的结果。
> 例句: The old man died of hunger. （老人死于饥饿。）
with 表示生理或情感上受到外界影响而产生的结果。
> 例句:
> Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. （他们听到这个消息，欣喜若狂。）
> He was shaking with anger. （他气得浑身发抖。）
by 表示由于外部因素，特别是暴力或无意行为导致的结果。
> 例句:
> Her body was bent by age. （他因年老背弯了。）
> She took your umbrella by mistake. （我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。）
because of 表示直接导致结果的原因。
> 例句: The game was canceled because of the rain. (比赛因为下雨取消了。)
修改后的内容：
Instead of saying “He retired last month because of illness/because he ill,” you can write “He retired last month due to illness”.
8. The preposition “owing to” emphasizes an undesirable consequence, often translated as “because of” or “due to”.
For example: Owing to the rain, they could not come. (Because of the rain, they couldn’t come.)
9. “Thanks to” highlights a positive outcome, meaning “because of” or “as a result of” in a fortunate context.
For instance: Thanks to John, we won the game. (We won the game because of John’s contribution.)
10. “Out of” unveils the motivation behind an action, often translated as “out of” or “motivated by”.
For example: He asked the question out of curiosity. (His curiosity prompted him to ask the question.)
11. “Through” often indicates a cause that affects the whole because of a specific part, meaning “because of” or “as a result of”.
For instance: The war was lost through poor organization. (The war was lost due to inadequate organization.)
Prepositions Indicating Similarity or Role: like, as
1. Although “like” implies resemblance, it doesn’t equate to “as”.
For example: Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. (This compares Peter the Great’s qualities to his country’s.)
2. “As” signifies a specific role or capacity.
For instance: He talked to me as a father. (He spoke from a paternal perspective.)
Note: “As” functioning as a conjunction can express resemblance.
For example: The work is not as difficult as you imagine. (The difficulty of the work doesn’t match your perception.)
Prepositions for Support or Opposition: against, for
“Against” signifies opposition, while “for” indicates support; they are antonyms.
For example: Are you for my idea or against it? (Do you support or oppose my idea?)
Prepositions for Exclusion: besides, except
1. “Besides” indicates inclusion in addition to what is mentioned.
For example: Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. (31 students in total went to the cinema, including him.)
He is interested in tennis besides (=as well as) football. (He enjoys both tennis and football.)
2. “Except” signifies exclusion of what is mentioned.
For instance: Everyone is excited except me. (All but me are excited.)
All the visitors are Japanese except him. (He is the only non-Japanese visitor.)
Important Notes:
(A) “Except” usually pairs with words like “all” or “every” to indicate a complete set. When used with “other,” use “besides” instead.
For example: He had other people to take care of besides me. (He was responsible for others in addition to me.)
(B) “Except” excludes similar items, while “except for” excludes dissimilar items, often adding a qualification to a general statement.
For instance: The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. (The composition’s quality is good overall, with spelling errors being a separate issue.)
“Except for” can sometimes replace “except”, especially at the beginning of a sentence, as “except” cannot start a sentence.
For example: Except for George, you can all go. (Everyone can go except George.)
II. Preposition Exercises
〈一〉Fill in the blanks
1. on the first day ________ school
2. _______the school playground
3. _________ classes
4. _________ Wednesday
5. __________ a farm
6.pull _________ carrots
7.a lot _______ fruit trees
8. live _________ a town
9. ________ the weekends
10. _________ the sitting room
11.________ the 4th ______ November
12. look _______ them
13. ________ New Year
14. _________ Christmas Day
15.dress _______ _________ costumes
〈二〉Multiple Choice
( )1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man.
A. On B. At C. In
( )2.Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night.
A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at
( )3.He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students.
A. between B. with C. among
( )4.A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy.
A. with B. in C. on
( )5.Joan hopes to come back ___ three days.
A. after B. for C. in
( )6.They sent the letter to me ___ mistake.
A. by B. for C. with
( )7. He left home ___ (preposition) a cold winter evening.
A. at B. on C. in
( )8. Shanghai is ____ (preposition) the east of China.
A. in B. on C. to
( )9. ____ (preposition) my father’s help, I have finished my composition.
A. Under B. On C. with
( )10. He’s very strict ____ (preposition) himself and he’s very strict ___ (preposition) his work.
A. with ; in B. in ; with C. with ; with
参考答案：
一、填空
1. of 2. in 3. in 4. on 5. on 6. up 7. on
8. in 9. with 10. in 11. on,of 12. at 13. on
14. on 15. up,in
二、选择题
1-5：ACCBC:6-10：ABACA
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